Shahjahanabad is a conversation that is vivid and alive, that can take sudden turns, that is absorbing even when uncomfortable and sometimes difficult to comprehend. Despite its seeming chaos and crowds, the city has structured spaces to pause, gather, listen to, and be heard...
https://anishashekharmukherji.substack.com/p/talking-about-shahar-shahjahanabad
Crafted objects that I use on a daily basis, which are beautiful, functional and sustainable.
Today’s object is -- something you have to guess!
If you find that difficult, then here's the link for further clues: https://anishashekharmukherji.substack.com/p/an-exercise-in-perception-and-inference
DAY 4 in the Series on A Handcrafted Object Of Daily Use
Crafted objects that I use on a daily basis, which are beautiful, functional and sustainable.
Today’s object is a Sil Batta
(or Shil Noda in Bangla)
'If you pause to think about what the sil-batta does for and to you, it seems that it may actually be far more progressive and modern to use it rather than the mixie. The energy and resources consumed in its design and production are minimal – the design is well-disseminated, familiar to both maker and user, does not require fancy 3D mock-ups or scale-models, and contains no high energy parts such as steel or plastic. The stone may require high-energy resources in quarrying but further shaping is primarily by hand tools wielded by skilled stone-workers, and causes practically no pollution in production.
The stone for the sil-batta in my family must have been quarried half a century ago. Unless I drop it on the floor and break it, there is no reason why it will not give service for another half a century more and be used by my daughter to pass on to whoever she wishes. Whenever my cook or I use it, the only energy we expend is ours. The taste is fresher, I believe the nutrients are retained, and I do not need to go to a gym to get exercise for my arms!'
DAY 3 A Handcrafted Object of Daily Use
This is a series on crafted objects that I use on a daily basis, which are beautiful, functional and sustainable.
This clay cooking vessel works well to roast brinjal and sweet potatoes, and as a mini 'tandoor'. I bought it some years ago at the Dastkar Nature Bazaar at Andheria More.
DAY 2 in the Series on A Handcrafted Object of Daily Use
Craft is not just about souvenirs or artefacts for display.
Today’s object is a Bamboo Strainer.
This was bought from a seller of Darjeeling and Assam Tea at the Kashmiri Gate Durga Puja, Delhi on MahaSaptami, 30 September 2025
Craft is not just about souvenirs or artefacts for display.
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Lieutenant General Chandra Shekhar, PVSM, AVSM Former Vice Chief of Indian Army Staff |
The other day, just out of curiosity, when I had a few spare minutes, I googled my father’s name to see what information would emerge. I put in his full name and designation: Lieutenant General Chandra Shekhar.
(I initially searched for General Chandra Shekhar, and it showed the biography of Shri Chandra Shekhar, former Prime Minister of India!)
Inevitably, the AI Overview popped up on top.
This is what it had to say.
Generally all correct.
But there was a catch.
The photograph accompanying my father’s description and career — was not of my father’s! Indeed, it bore no resemblance to him at all.
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The AI Overview |
When I shared the image on our family group, my father, naturally, spotted the error immediately.
“This is somebody else’s photograph,” he said. “What can we do about this?”
“Well, nothing that I know of,”, I answered.
And that is the problem.
The fact that the AI Overview is what you see first when you search for something on the internet — and the fact that this first view that surfaces is generally a mix of some correct and some incorrect information. There is of course, the inevitable disclaimer, if you scroll till the end: “AI responses may include mistakes”. To sort out which parts are mistakes, we need to be equipped with some preliminary information before we search — and certainly before we focus on the AI Overview.
This is why, I advise everyone, especially my students when they are researching on something, to certainly not depend on AI.
Who knows what strange concoction of fact and fiction it will throw up?
This is a model of the Alai Darwaza.
Made in wood (Balsa and Tun) at a scale of 1: 50, the model is not only remarkably well-detailed and crafted, but it also captures all the essential features of the Alai Darwaza. The profile of its arches; the division of its elevation into a clearly delineated base, body and dome; the variation in texture through patterns, carving, and jalis — all these distinguishing characteristics of this building have been communicated even at this small-scale.
What is even more remarkable is the way in which this model has been made.
As a historic building, information about the Alai Darwaza is inevitably incomplete. When I started searching for recorded information, I found that measured drawings of the Alai Darwaza were not easily available in the public domain. I however, discovered some basic documentation of it in a series on Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). This publication, A Historical Memoir of the Qutb: Delhi by J A Page, Superintendent of ASI, was first published in 1926. It has been republished by the Director General of ASI, and is an important resource on the Qutub complex. Apart from some photographs dating from that time, the Memoir contains some drawings of the Alai Darwaza: a Cross-Section, North and South Elevations, and a scaled down Plan.
Useful as these drawings are, they do not date from the fourteenth century, the time that the Alai Darwaza was constructed in. They thus do not represent the Alai Darwaza as it may have originally been, but as it is surmised to have originally appeared. The Alai Darwaza was extensively repaired in the early 19th century, with some changes made to its facades. The drawings by the ASI as printed in the Memoir, depict the Alai Darwaza based on conjectures about the original appearance of those parts of the Alai Darwaza which were repaired in 1816, and measurements and studies carried out by the staff of the ASI of the extant parts of the Darwaza in the early 20th century, as well as conservation work and excavations on its south face carried on from 1910 onwards.
This information about the Alai Darwaza is very much less than that normally available for model-makers. In newer buildings, drawings are more easily accessible since the process of design followed is that details are first worked out through various drawings by architects prior to constructing the buildings. These drawings are then available to make models as required. For the Alai Darwaza, since only a few basic drawings were available, as a prelude to commissioning the model I had to specially take a series of photographs from the inside as well as the outside of the Darwaza. This was necessary to communicate the three dimensional aspects of the building as well as to explain its important structural and special details. To further clarify my understanding, I undertook some geometrical and spatial studies of the plans and elevations, to see if there were any links I could uncover between the size of the building, the proportions of its different parts, the location and size of its doors and windows, etc. It emerged from these studies that there was a strong geometrical and spatial relationship between various parts of the Alai Darwaza, which was very useful to determine missing measurements and decipher discrepancies in measurements.
This was then the basis on which the modeller had to make his model.
Not an easy task. Pammi ji undertook to take on this task. And with his team of Mohan Lal and Rajesh, he fulfilled it in time — within two months — creating a model of great aesthetic sophistication.
Making this model is thus not just about craftsmanship — though it is beautifully crafted. It is equally an intellectual exercise: to study and distill the information, and match this with thorough knowledge of the materials that the model was to be made in. To then decide how these materials could best be put together in order to simulate the distinguishing characteristics of the Alai Darwaza. This requires visualisation of a special kind: it requires that the appearance and space of the building is assembled in the mind, and then translated into materials and processes completely different from that of actually constructing a building in stone, bricks and mortar.
There are very few takers for wooden models these days, primarily because of the rise of plastic models which are cheaper and faster to make. But plastic models come at a greater environmental cost and cannot produce the same aesthetic or tactile effect as a model of wood. Only a discerning few, who have the means to pay for the effort and hand-craft invested in a wooden model, and are also concerned about ecological impact, opt to get models made in wood.
And there are very few model-makers who are willing to respond to this challenging task. As Pammiji says:”Jaise kayee janwar lupt hote jaa rahen hai, wooden models banane-wale bhi lupt ho ja rahen hai.’
How and why does Pammi ji manage to continue?
The first reason that he does so is the sheer challenge. The second is that he cannot find it in himself to refuse to make models for people with whom has had a long and happy working relationship with — Snehanshu, in this case, whom I asked to request Pammi ji if he would be willing to make this model. At fifteen hundred rupees a day for a skilled model-maker, a team of even two or three people requires an outlay of ₹80,000 to 12,00,000, excluding the cost of material and equipment and tools. This is an expensive proposition, and there is no continuity of work. Pammi ji has therefore branched into interior-works. This is how he subsidises his model-making enterprise. He values this craft and does not want it to become extinct, and he values the stimulus of the intellectual and creative challenge of making a model with his own hands.
For a new building, the design process is that architects usually start with planning out interior functions. They then generate door/window-positions, connections with the outside spaces and exteriors based on these functions — in tandem with the overall requirements of the site. All this further informs the building materials to be used and the external and internal appearance. Architects, therefore in many ways, work from the inside out.
I asked Pammi ji about the way in which he starts to plan a model. He said that he first studies the exteriors and the facades, and then mentally works his way into the building. He visualises the space inside through the medium of the material that he will make his model in. He then refers to the plan to structure his understanding of the facade and the elevation, mentally subtracting thicknesses of the material. This is then the reverse of how architects visualise their designs of buildings.
This ability of Pammi ji of working from the outside in, to reach how the internal spaces would look and be fabricated was especially important for this model — because, unlike most models, it was not meant to be just seen from the outside. The inside of the Alai Darwaza was to be both visible and accessible, especially to blind or visually challenged students.
The immediate objective of making this model was to use architectural models as tools for teaching history, an exercise initiated by Professor Radhika Chadha from the Department of History at Miranda House. How does one explain the main features of historical architecture for visually-challenged students of Miranda House, especially the structural logic of basic building elements and techniques? A tactile 3-dimensional model was felt to be an effective way to communicate the forms, proportions, volumes and profiles of built structures. By appropriately scaling down these built spaces, the students would be able to touch and explore doorways, ceilings, roofs, internal and external wall surfaces, etc.
For the Alai Darwaza, three important areas needed to be accessible to them. These were:
Within these three broad areas of the interior, the important structural elements of Alai Darwaza needed to be included so that students could understand the geometry and volume of the spaces and how the building was roofed. The exterior, as mentioned in the beginning, had to be made such that even just through the sense of touch, the main elements of the facade as well as the entrances and ways of spanning them, could be easily understood. This then was how the project of using architectural models as tools for teaching history for visually challenged students was conceived, and the first part of it completed - thanks to Pammi ji.
